This study examined how learning orientation shapes the organizational agility of small and medium-sized businesses in Rivers State, Nigeria, especially when entrepreneurial orientation is moderating. Many SMEs are encountering considerable difficulties staying flexible and competitive, especially with all the changes in the economy and regulations. To get real insights, the research used cross-sectional survey, gathering data from 167 SME owners using a well-structured questionnaire and being grounded in dynamic capabilities theory. Data analyzed by regression method. The reliability scores (Cronbach Alpha) comfortably above the 0.7 benchmark. The results showed that learning orientation matters a lot. When teams share a common vision, stay committed to growth, and remain open to new perspectives, they adapt quickly and make smart moves as the business landscape shifts. As SMEs lean into entrepreneurial behaviours like embracing innovation and not being afraid to take risks, the positive link between learning and organizational agility gets stronger. When SMEs add entrepreneurial orientation to the connection linking learning orientation and organizational agility, performance and sustainability become superior. If SMEs want to thrive, they need to build a learning culture, be willing to experiment, and let data guide their decisions.

This study aims at exploring the intrapreneurship in banks on the innovation activity in its various types. As a dependent variable, five types of bank innovation outcomes were considered: product innovation, process innovation, service innovation, modern technology adoption, and organizational innovation. Meanwhile the independent variable was the intrapreneurship in its dimensions different: idea generation, Proactiveness, risk taking, and empowerment. The researcher developed a model based on other studies, then hypotheses were formulated. Four branches of Rafidain Bank, with its 115 employees, were chosen to be the population of this study, then 50 employees were taken as a study sample. The sample members whom where reached through a questionnaire, all of them answered it completely, so all them used in the analysis. The results showed that the employees indicated that intrapreneurship activities are very important factors affecting outcomes (innovation in all its types). The improvement achieved on the innovation process results should encourage all the bank branches continuing the practice of those activities. Significant positive relationships were found and statistically proven between both studied variables. The paper recommends that the studied branches to consider in their future plans the training, practicing, and offering more support for consolidating and taking in account intrapreneurship elements at all oganizational levels in the bank

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in sales operations is revolutionizing the sales landscape across the globe by providing sophisticated analytics, automation, and improved customer engagement. However, the adoption of AI in Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is a significant challenge for the SMEs in emerging economies like Bangladesh due to limited resources, infrastructure constraints, and lack of technical expertise. Using the TOE framework, this paper explores the barriers hindering AI adoption in sales operations of Bangladeshi SMEs. Exploring technological, organizational, and environmental contexts, the research identifies significant barriers, including integration complexity, high implementation costs, and workforce skill gaps. Furthermore, the research studies how supplier readiness and competitive pressure drive AI adoption. The results inform small and medium-sized enterprises, policymakers, and technology providers regarding strategic steps that can facilitate AI adoption in resource-limited settings. Overcoming these obstacles allows SMEs to harness the power of AI to improve competitiveness, optimise sales processes, and increase business growth within emerging markets.

This study investigates the impact of trade openness on Iraq's industrial sector, focusing on the period of financial and trade liberalization since the early 2000s. Iraq's efforts to transition from a centrally planned economy to an open market economy have been marked by significant reforms, including the reduction of trade barriers and the promotion of foreign investments. However, while trade openness has facilitated access to global markets, it has also led to challenges in Iraq's industrial sector, such as factory closures and increased unemployment due to competition from cheaper imported goods. The study examines the dynamics between financial and trade openness, economic stability, and institutional quality, highlighting the moderating role of institutions in determining the outcomes of liberalization. The findings indicate that while financial openness has contributed positively to Iraq’s economic stability, trade openness has had mixed effects on the industrial sector, necessitating targeted policies to safeguard domestic industries. Stronger institutional frameworks are found to be key in maximizing the benefits of openness. The study provides recommendations for policymakers to manage trade and financial openness effectively, ensuring long-term sustainable growth and stability.

In the context of widespread digital transformation in education, the digital management capacity of high school principals has become a key factor to ensure effective leadership, improve educational quality and adapt to innovation requirements. This article focuses on analyzing the needs and factors affecting the development of digital management capacity for high school principals in the Mekong Delta region, a region with diverse economic, social and technological infrastructure conditions. Based on a mixed research method, including a survey of 115 principals, vice principals, professional team leaders, and in-depth interviews with 12 managers, the article identifies necessary groups of competencies, such as educational data management, digital platform deployment in teaching and learning, information security, and digital transformation leadership. The research results show that five factors have a significant impact on the capacity development process, including: policy clarity, quality of technology infrastructure, innovation orientation in leadership, professional development opportunities, and coordination between schools and local authorities. From there, the article proposes policy and practical recommendations to build a roadmap for developing digital management capacity for principals, contributing to promoting educational innovation in the digital age in Vietnam.