This paper investigated the extent to which attention control and self-monitoring strategies enhance the academic achievement of accounting students in colleges of education in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study focused on a population of 400 second-year and third-year accounting students (121 males, 279 females) from two public colleges of education in Anambra State, with the entire population included in the study. Data were collected using a 23-item validated questionnaire, with an internal consistency of 0.75 confirmed by Cronbach alpha. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, employing mean and standard deviation to analyze research questions, and a t-test to test the hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05. The findings revealed that attention control and self-monitoring strategies significantly enhance the academic achievement of accounting students. Additionally, the study found that gender significantly influence the utilization of these strategies by students. The study recommends that fostering attention control and self-monitoring skills, along with targeted support based on gender, is essential for improving students' academic performance.

This study focuses on clarifying the fundamental issues of managing teaching activities at secondary schools in Binh Tan District, Ho Chi Minh City, in the direction of digital transformation. The main objective of the project is to systematize the theoretical and practical basis of teaching at secondary schools in the direction of digital transformation, assess the current status of managing teaching activities at secondary schools in the direction of digital transformation, and propose effective management measures to improve the quality of teaching in the direction of digital transformation. The results of theoretical and practical research on 120 people who are managers and teachers in some secondary schools in Binh Tan district, Ho Chi Minh City, show that, despite efforts in management, there are still many limitations and challenges that need to be overcome. Proposed measures focus on improving the capacity of managers and teachers, improving facilities and teaching equipment, along with strengthening coordination among stakeholders.

The Iraqi economy suffers from increased public spending due to the rise in money supply resulting from the growth in hard currency oil revenues. Therefore, this research aims to determine the relationship between broad money supply and public spending. The study is based on the hypothesis that a monetary policy shock, represented by money supply, has a positive and proportional impact on public spending. To test this hypothesis, the inductive method was employed alongside the analysis of several macroeconomic variables and the measurement of asymmetric effects using the dynamic cumulative multiplier, in order to obtain results that could be generalized. The study found that the broad money supply affects public spending, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.418%. The short-run symmetric relationship further confirms that a 1% increase in money supply leads to a 0.32% increase in public spending in the second month, rising to 0.45% in the third month, and stabilizing at 0.40% until the end of the study.

The oil sector plays a significant role in the Iraqi economy, particularly through its revenues, as oil exports constitute approximately 96% of total exports. These revenues influence all macroeconomic variables, including national income, gross domestic product (GDP), foreign trade, and investments in all their forms. The direction of economic development depends largely on fluctuations in global oil prices, in addition to unexpected factors such as external shocks. These exports also play a crucial role in shaping the structure of foreign trade in oil-producing countries, including Iraq, which faces numerous challenges that hinder the process of economic development, such as the lack of capital prepared for investment and insufficient domestic savings. The research problem lies in determining whether oil revenues have contributed to increasing GDP and financing the general budget, thereby improving economic growth rates. The primary objective of the research is to validate the hypothesis by highlighting the reality of the oil sector in Iraq, including its material and moral capabilities and oil privileges, and clarifying the impact and role of the oil sector in enhancing economic growth rates. The research adopts the inductive approach to achieve its objectives by exploring the concept of the oil sector and its impact on realizing desired economic growth rates, using quantitative econometric methods to measure the effect of oil revenues on GDP in Iraq through the use of the EViews 9 program. According to the econometric analysis, the relationship between oil revenues and GDP is a direct one. Oil revenues are the main source of generating national income and GDP, as Iraq directly relies on oil revenues. Thus, the hypothesis has been proven correct through both the analytical and econometric aspects, confirming that oil revenues play a key role in increasing GDP and consequently improving economic growth rates.

Abstract: Diversification of exports involving products and trading partners is an important issue for all countries including developing countries. Over-concentration of exports in a few products and to a few destination countries poses higher risks. The main objective of this paper is to quantify the degree of product and geographical concentrations of exports for selected Asian countries: Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, China, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The paper uses the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to measure product and geographical concentrations of exports. The paper finds that product concentration of exports is highest for Bangladesh and lowest for China. The paper highlights that geographical concentration is highest for Cambodia and lowest for China. The paper observes that all the seven countries have a trade surplus with the USA. Furthermore, Cambodia and Vietnam are more dependent on the US market compared to the other countries. Finally, the paper highlights that exports of Bangladesh and Sri Lanka to the USA are dominated by knitted and non-knitted apparel.