This study investigated co-opetitive strategy and business models of downstream retail enterprises of telecommunication sector in the south-south region of Nigeria. The specific objectives were to examine the influence of co-opetitive strategy reflected in strategic alliances and collaboration on business models of downstream retail Enterprises of the telecommunication sector in the south-south region of Nigeria. The survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study consisted of 100 retail enterprises in the downstream telecommunication sector, with sample of 80 respondents which were determined using Taro Yamane’s formula for sample determination. Data were collected using questionnaire distributed to 80 respondents out of which 78 copies of the questionnaire were correctly completed and returned in usable form. Data collected were analysed using simple linear regression analysis. Findings indicated that strategic alliances and collaboration as proxies of co-opetitive strategy have significant influences respectively on operational cost, revenue and profit of the retail enterprises of downstream telecommunication sector in the south-south region of Nigeria. Therefore, it was concluded that co-opetitive strategy has positive and significant influence on the business models of downstream retail enterprises in the telecommunication sector in the south-south region of Nigeria. Therefore, it was recommended that the management of downstream retail telecommunication enterprises in the study should sense and enter into strategic alliance and forge collaboration which define co-opetitive strategy to build, configure and reconfigure their business models to strengthen their competitiveness in the industry.

The current study aims to diagnose the factors that affect knowledge hoarding and its representation by the following factors: power and authority dynamics, and lack of trust. (job security, competition, ostracism in the workplace, bullying behaviour, culture of participation, incentives) among faculty members at the University of Mosul by answering the questions: “What are the factors affecting the knowledge-hoarding behaviours of the faculty in the colleges of the University of Mosul?” and according to the above, it is possible to diagnose Several questions, as follows: A. Do the individuals surveyed have a perception of knowledge hoarding, as well as the factors influencing it? B. Can (the factors affecting knowledge hoarding) be represented by factors (power and authority dynamics, lack of trust, job security, competition, ostracism in the workplace, bullying behaviour, culture of participation, and incentives) or will the global structure take another form among faculty members? At the University of Mosul? To achieve the above, the questionnaire was designed as a main tool in collecting data to measure the factors influencing knowledge-hoarding behaviors. These obstacles were covered through (40) items included in the questionnaire. The University of Mosul was a research field for the current study as it is one of the most important community organizations, and the opinions of a sample of (40) were investigated. 228) members of the teaching staff with their various academic titles at the University of Mosul. The data was analyzed and analyzed using several statistical methods. The results were extracted using ready-made computer software (SPSS. Ver. 19) and (Amos. Ver. 24), and based on what was done. The results were reached that supported the hypotheses and objectives of the study and indicated a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the measurement model for this study was consistent with the standards of the goodness of fit required after conducting a re-test of this model, which indicated the possibility of adopting indicators to measure the factors affecting knowledge hoarding in The University of Mosul, after surveying the opinions of its teaching staff, as indicators that enhance the ability to diagnose the factors affecting the accumulation of knowledge at the University of Mosul through the teaching staff of this university. Based on the results of the study, the thesis concluded with a set of proposals highlighting the possibility of benefiting from diagnosing the factors influencing knowledge hoarding to come up with mechanisms that work to overcome such behaviors and work to reduce behaviors that would lead to knowledge hoarding at the university.

This study aimed to determine the impact of strategic thinking patterns on organizational conflict levels at Thi Qar University and its impact on job satisfaction. The study was conducted on a sample of leaders in several colleges at Thi Qar University. The questionnaire was a primary tool for collecting data and information about the study sample. One hundred nineteen questionnaires were distributed, 10 questionnaires were not returned, and (6) questionnaires were not valid for analysis. The total number of questionnaires that could be analyzed was 103. The hypotheses were tested using the (SPSS V.20) and (PLS SMART) programs. The method adopted by the thesis was the descriptive-analytical method. A group of colleges were selected at Thi Qar University, represented by (College of Medicine, College of Administration and Economics, College of Education for Humanities, College of Education for Pure Sciences, College of Arts, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Engineering, College of Science, College of Computer Science and Mathematics, College of Agriculture, College of Law, College of Islamic Sciences, College of Media, College of Effects, College of Nursing, Presidency of Thi Qar University).

The research aimed to investigate the impact of macroeconomic variables (exchange rate, interest rate, inflation, money supply) on the performance of the Iraqi Stock Exchange represented by the general market index, using the (ARDL) model. The study concluded that the performance of the Iraqi Stock Exchange witnessed fluctuations, due to the instability of the macro variables, and according to the (ARDL) model, in the short term, interest rates (I) and money supply (M) were negative in their impact on the market index (ISX), and the exchange rate (E) and inflation (N) had a positive role in the market. In the long term, the exchange rate (E), inflation (N), and money supply (M) had a positive role in the market. Among the recommendations is that interest rates should be given attention because they are a major variable in influencing financial markets, and this is what most economic schools have reached. When increasing the money supply, the size of investment in the financial markets must be taken into account, meaning that the increase must be directed towards investment and not just consumption.