In this study we examined social justice and credible leadership in the 21st century university leadership and management. The research employed a correlational survey design. The population of the study comprised of academic staff of selected universities in the South-South geo political zone of Nigeria. The selected universities are University of Port Harcourt, University of Calabar, University of Delta, Niger Delta University, and University of Benin. The sample for the study comprised forty academic staff from each of the universities who were randomly selected after stratification. Out of the 240 questionnaires were distributed, only 214 copies were retrieved, of which 11 copies were invalid because some of the items were not answered, leaving the researcher with only 203(84.5%) response rate that were considered manageable for the data analysis. The study utilized a self-structured questionnaire titled Social Justice in Education Questionnaire (SJEQ) and Credible Leadership in University Management Questionnaire (CLUMQ), the Questionnaire consisted of three sections. Section ‘A’ gathered information on respondents demographic data, Section ‘B’ contained 15 items that addressed the research questions, and Section ‘C’ included 10 items that are related to Credible Leadership in University leadership and Management. Respondents rated items on a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (Very Low Extent) to 4 (Very High Extent). Data collection was done from February to May 2024. The instrument underwent face and content validity by experts in measurement and evaluation in two Nigerian universities, and the internal consistency was verified using Cronbach's alpha and reliability indices of α = .872 and .789 were obtained respectively, the indices were considered very reliable. The questionnaires were administered with the help of two trained research assistants who assisted in ensuring instant retrieval of the instrument distribution to the selected academic staff members. Descriptive statistics: means and standard deviations were used to answer the research questions, while linear regression statistic was employed to test research hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The findings of this study revealed a positive relationship between social justice practices and leadership and management credibility in the 21st. The study concluded that the integration of social justice principles into leadership and management practices within university systems are essential. Amongst other things, the study recommended that University leaders should prioritize equitable resource allocation to ensure that all departments and programs receive the necessary resources to thrive.

This study examined the relationship between work balance in the phase of a depressed economy and employee’s job satisfaction in selected organizations in rivers state, Nigeria. The research aim to determine the extent to which strategies to maintain work balance impact job satisfaction in the face of economic challenges. The study employed a correlational research design to explore this relationship, focusing on organizations in Rivers State. The population of the study consists of employees in selected organizations, with a sample size of 76 employees determined through a stratified random sampling technique. Data is collected using a self-structured questionnaire titled: Work Balance in a Depressed Economy Questionnaire (WBDEQ) and Employees’ Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (EJSQ). The questionnaire distribution and collection to selected employees took place over a period of four months ranging from October 2023 to February 2024. Participants were assured of the confidentiality of their responses and their right to withdraw from the study at any time. During this period, the 76 copies of the instrument were distributed, only 69 were returned. Of these, 4 were not correctly filled out, leaving the researcher with only 65 valid copies that were used for data analysis. To ensure content validity, a pilot study was conducted with a subset of participants to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire to make necessary adjustments. Thereafter, a reliability index of .87 was calculated using Cronbach Alpha method based on the outcomes of this analysis. Descriptive statistics, such as mean and standard deviation, was used to answer the research questions, while inferential statistics, such as Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation (PPMC), was utilized to test hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23.0 software. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between strategies to maintain work balance in a depressed economy and employees' job satisfaction. This suggested that organizations implementing effective strategies to address work balance in challenging economic times are likely to experience higher levels of job satisfaction among their employees. The study concluded that by addressing work balance issues, organizations can improve employee job satisfaction, leading to increased productivity and a more positive organizational culture. Recommendations are made for organizations in Rivers State to focus on developing and implementing strategies that support work balance to improve overall employee job satisfaction.

This study aims to determine the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Good Corporate Governance (GCG), cash holding, and company size on firm value. The background of this study is due to the many previous studies that show different results of the influence of each factor of CSR, GCG, cash holding, and company size on firm value. The population used in this study are companies included in the basic and chemical industries listed on the IDX in 2021-2023. The sampling technique in this study was a purposive sampling technique. The amount of data that meets the criteria after being reduced by outliers is 33 data samples. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 25. The results showed that CSR has a positive effect on firm value, GCG has no effect on firm value, cash holding has a positive effect on firm value, and company size has no effect on firm value. In other words, CSR and cash holding are able to increase firm value, but GCG and firm size are not able to increase firm value because they have no effect on firm value. These findings indicate that CSR and cash holding are important factors that can increase the value of basic and chemical industry companies in Indonesia.

The study aimed to identify the concept of strategic transparency (henceforth, ST) and its role in promoting organizational culture strategies (henceforth, OCSs). The study included two main variables, namely the independent variable (ST) with three dimensions (organizational accountability, information disclosure, and strategic response), and the dependent variable (OCS) with three dimensions (involvement, consistency, and mission). The research community consisted of instructors from the college of Administration and Economics. A simple random sample consisting of (30) respondents was selected. The questionnaire form was distributed to the study sample and (28) forms were retrieved. The study employed an analytical and descriptive approach using the statistical software of (SPSS). The main focus of the study was formed in this question which represented the research problem: what is the role of ST in promoting OCS? A hypothetical framework illustrating the nature of the relationship between variables and dimensions was developed and explained through the research hypotheses. Then, the study revealed a relationship between ST and OCS, and the influence of ST in the strategy of organizational culture. The study concluded with a set of recommendations for the organization studied, the most important of which included the importance of understanding OCS in the business organization through the adoption of ST. In addition, a set of proposals should be presented for future research areas related to the current research variables.

The objective of the research is to ascertain the significance of strategic auditing and evaluate its influence on enhancing strategic performance at the General Company for Iraqi Ports. In order to accomplish this, the researcher utilized a descriptive-analytical methodology, constructing a concept++ual framework that encompasses research variables and creating multiple primary hypotheses. The researcher employed a questionnaire as the principal instrument for data acquisition, disseminating a total of 200 forms. The SPSS software was used to analyze and determine the link between variables. The investigation yielded numerous significant findings, which are as follows: The study revealed a statistically significant correlation between the dimensions of strategic auditing and strategic performance indicators within the company under investigation. Additionally, a noteworthy correlation was observed between the dimensions of strategic auditing and strategic performance indicators. Based on the aforementioned findings, a series of recommendations that align with these conclusions have been put forth, accompanied by a clear delineation of the mechanisms required for their effective implementation.

This study examines the relationship between green supply chain management practices and productivity of manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. Correlational survey design was adopted for this study. The population of this study is thirty-two (32) manufacturing companies in Rivers State which are registered with the Rivers State branch of Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN). The study adopted the census population. 3 managers were selected from each firm multiplied by 32 firms gives us a total of ninety-two (92) for the study. Structured questionnaire instrument title the application of linear programming in assembly-line balancing of manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt questionnaire was developed on five-point likert scale. The result of the Cronbach's Alpha reliability test indicates .769 which is above .70 which implies that the items are reliable. PPMC (person product moment correlation) was used to test hypotheses on SPSS version 25. There is a significant relationship between green Design and productivity of manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. There is a significant relationship between green Production and productivity of manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. The study concluded that green supply chain management practices have a significant relationship with productivity of manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt. The study recommended Manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt should integrate sustainability considerations into their overall supply chain strategies to ensure that environmental concerns are addressed at every stage of the production process.

This study dealt with the basics of government spending, public revenues, and public loans as indicators of financial policy and bank credit, in addition to explaining the relationship between these variables in Iraq for the period (2005-2021), by analyzing the reality of the study variables economically and analogically, the descriptive approach was used in analyzing Data for financial policy indicators and bank credit, where bank credit (BC) was analyzed as a dependent variable, and public spending (GS), public revenues (GR) and public loans (GL) were analyzed as independent variables, and according to the Dickey-Fuller test (ADF), it was found that the degree of integration of the study variables is A mixture of type (0)I and type (1)I, and thus the model was estimated according to the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology, thus, the model was estimated according to the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology, and according to the bounds test for co-integration, it was revealed that there was a co-integration relationship for the model, and the estimated model was successful in all standard goodness tests (autocorrelation, heterogeneity of variance, normal distribution of residuals), in addition to that it was Stable according to the CUSUM and CUSUM SQ tests. The most important results of the study were that the relationship of both public revenues and public loans in the two terms to bank credit was positive, but the relationship of government spending in the two terms was inverse, and that all of these relationships were significant. The credit provided to the public sector witnessed a continuous increase throughout the study period, while the percentage of credit provided to the government was increasing at the expense of a continuous decrease in the percentage of credit provided to public institutions, the percentage of credit provided to the public sector witnessed a decline compared to the increase in the percentage of credit provided to the public sector out of total credit. Cash, both public revenues and government spending in Iraq were negatively affected by the financial, security and health crises, but bank credit was positively affected by the same crises. The study came out with a set of recommendations, the most important of which was: Iraq should work to diversify its sources of income and reduce its dependence on crude oil and its revenues in forming its public revenues and public spending, which fluctuate with the fluctuation of global oil prices, increasing with its rise and decreasing with its fall, Iraq must work to increase the proportion of investment spending to Total government spending, Iraq must also work to reduce dependence on its oil revenues and work to increase the ratio of non-oil revenues to total public revenues.

The purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of Islamic banking to economic growth by analyzing the influence of Islamic banking performance on economic growth using the CAMELS method. A quantitative approach is employed in this research with secondary data in the form of panel data. Data sources are obtained from the publications of the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) and the World Bank, using a sample comprising 6 countries that are members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) with a time range from 2013 to 2022. The results of the testing demonstrate that the variables CAR, ROA, NPF, and MAN do not significantly affect economic growth, while LIQ and SEN have a positive effect. However, simultaneously, CAR, MAN, NPF, ROA, LIQ, and SEN collectively influence economic growth.

People is the prime asset of an organization that can make the business successful among the competitors. The success of an organization largely depends on its ability to attract and retain the talent employees to be devoted for the business. When the employee turnover rate becomes higher, the organization might lose its human capital, more specifically, skilled and trained human resources to its competitors which incurs both replacement costs and a competitive loss. This research, thus studied the key factors influencing employee turnover intention and also its impact on business of Pharmaceutical Industry of Bangladesh. The sample units are taken from three leading pharmaceutical companies of Bangladesh. Self-developed semi-structured survey questionnaires applying purposive sampling techniques were distributed to the 110 respondents out of which only 100 were valid and used for data analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed by the use of descriptive statistical methods. Furthermore, the study also interviewed a good number of human resource heads working in the Pharmaceutical Industry of Bangladesh by convenient sampling techniques. The study reveals that Salary & Benefits, Reward & Recognition, Career Progression Opportunity and Supervisor’s Behavior are the dominant factors of employee turnover in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh. Job security, Job design and Organization climate are other factors that employees do consider for their departure from the organization. The study also explores that employee turnover has an impact on key indicators of organizational performance such as employer branding, revenue growth, productivity, moral & culture and quality of work. The study recommended a good number of strategies for improving the employee retention in pharmaceutical industry.

Improving the quality of teaching natural science for grade 6 pupils, according to the 2018 General Education Program at secondary schools, is mandatory. Management activities are necessary to improve the quality of teaching. The tasks and purposes of this study are to analyze and evaluate the current status of management activities, find out the limitations and causes of the limitations, thereby proposing management measures to improve the quality of teaching Natural Science in grade 6 according to the 2018 General Education Program at secondary schools in Bien Hoa city, Dong Nai province. This study conducted a survey of 114 people including 20 board of directors, management staff, and 94 teachers of secondary schools according to the following contents: (i) Survey on awareness; (ii) Survey on planning; (iii) Survey on organizing teaching activities; (iv) Survey on directing teaching activities; (v) Survey on testing and evaluating teaching activities. The survey, combined with qualitative research, helps to correctly assess the current situation, limitations, and causes of limitations, which is the basis for perfecting management measures to improve the quality of teaching Natural Sciences for grade 6 according to the 2018 General Education Program at secondary schools, thereby contributing to the comprehensive development of educational quality and pupil capacity in Bien Hoa city, Dong Nai province.

Unequal opportunities between women and men continue to hamper women’s ability to lift themselves from poverty and gain more options to improve their living standards. Women are economically disadvantaged: for example, culturally, they do not own any property; girls are marginalized in education whereby some parents prefer to take boys to good schools and do not like to take girls to good schools. This study intends to examine the effect of various dimensions of women empowerment on multiple constituents of household poverty in the six-sub divisions of Mezam division. The primary data was gathered from a sample of 319 married and employed females who live in Mezam division. For analysis, the study develops its own all-embracing Women Empowerment and Household Poverty variables using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and examines the relationship between the empowerment of women and household poverty using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that women empowerment positively and significantly contributes towards household poverty reduction. The results of the study suggest that in addition to targeting poverty directly, policies should be devised that eradicate poverty through the empowerment of women.