Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel syndrome with discomfort and changed bowel habits in the absence of obvious structural abnormalities. It is more common among adolescents and young age groups. Aim: Aims of the study is to identify the prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome among medical students of AL- Kindy College of medicine, and to Exploring the effect on IBS prevalence of general demographic form to observe the association between anxiety and IBS. Data were collected on a sample of University of Baghdad, Al-Kindy College of Medicine students in Baghdad, Iraq. The study was conducted over a period for 6 months From December 2020 to June 2021. This study enrolled 250 students who were selected randomly for the purpose of the study, from different stages (1-5), of both genders, randomly collected. The results shown there was a significant correlation between IBS diagnosed patients and gender, and this led to the fact that females are more likely to have IBS since (79.04%) of ill females than males (20.9%). Also, there was a significant correlation regarding the food hypersensitivity (0.002), chronic problems (0.000), regular medication (0.009) and family history of IBS (0.000). Regarding relationship between stress levels and IBS, results showed a significant relationship between stress levels and IBS (p = 0.000), students who experience higher levels of stress and anxiety while studying are more exposed to IBS and concluding the IBS subtypes, the majority of the IBS diseased students 58(55.2%), have only abdominal pain and bloating or both. While students with constipation (IBS C) were more frequent 27 (25.7%) than students with diarrhoea (IBS D) 15 (14.2%) while only 5 (4.76%) had mixed diarrhea and constipation (IBS M). Conclusions: In conclusions the overall prevalence of IBS in this study was (42%) and prevalence of IBS was higher among females than among males. More than 60% of students had mild to moderate or high levels of anxiety.

Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem that jeopardizes the efficient use of modern medicine and the state of the world's health. The effectiveness of traditional antifungals used to treat fungal infections has declined, increasing mortality. Following exposure to antifungal medications, acquired mechanisms can lead to the development of resistance to currently available antifungal medicines. Invasive fungal infections have few treatment choices, and patients who are most at risk frequently have other co-morbid conditions, such as immunosuppression. This problem is made worse by the paucity of novel antifungals now under research. One potential research avenue for tackling the problem of MDR fungal pathogens is plants that are used in traditional medicine. When used to treat infectious diseases, antimicrobials derived from plants have a great deal of therapeutic promise and have less adverse effects than their synthetic counterparts. In this study, the possible antifungal action of ethanolic extract of Holarrhena pubescens was tested against American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and Multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of pathogenic fungi, Candida species. Antifungal activities of ethanolic extract of Holarrhena pubescens were studied by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value which was done by serial dilution in Mueller Hinton broth.The ethanolic extract of Holarrhena pubescensshowedantifungal activities exhibiting MIC values varying between 1.5625-3.125 mg/mL in both ATCC and MDR fungal pathogenic strains of Candida. Ethanolic extract of Holarrhena pubescenswas found to have effective antifungal activity against Candida species andcould be the cure to invasive candidiasis which is a global health threat.

Background: One of the main public health challenges in the globe is the prevalence of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Objectives: The curent study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus in renal dialysis patients in Diyala province, Iraq. Methods: Ninety of renal dialysis patients attended Ibn-Sina Dialysis Center were screened for HBsAg, HBc IgG, HBc IgM and HBe Ab using ELISA technique, and then positive results were retested by conventional PCR for detection of HBs gene and HB core gene. Demographic data of study population were recorded. Simple statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 25. Results: Among studied samples, the seroprevalence of HBsAg, Anti-HBc Ab, Anti-HBc IgM and Anti-HBe Ab were 4.4%, 17.8%, 2.2% and 5.6% respectively. The results of conventional PCR showed that only 1(1.1%) of HBs gene at 417 bp in renal dialysis patients were positive. Whereas, the HBc gene at 791 bp was not detected in all included study population. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV was relatively high among renal dialysis in Diyala province/Iraq.

Background: Hot spring's water is enriched with minerals which has many therapeutic values. Bakreshwar is well known for its ten hot springs of varying temperatures (35°C-71°C). Bathing repeatedly in hot springs can help us to fight against skin infection, rheumatic disorders, joint pain etc. Objectives: The present study aimed to explore the changes in the gene expression of IL-10 and IFN-γ in the Gallus gallus domesticus embryo, infected with multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and by using the Bakreshwar hot spring water to make any curative changes in the target gene expression or not. Methodology: 14 days old embryonated eggs of Gallus gallus domesticus was inoculated with freshly prepared 0.5 Mc Farland standard suspension of Klebsiella pneumoniae and curative set was treated with Bakreshwar Hot Spring water, collected from Agnikund (65°C). Then the embryonated eggs were harvested following the Institutional Ethical Committee guidelines and the allantoic fluid was collected. On the next day, RNA extraction was performed and cDNA synthesis followed by RT PCR was performed to study the cytokine gene expression. Results: After infection of chick embryo Gallus gallus domesticus with multi drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, both IL-10 and IFN-γ gene expression was increased, but in curative sets that were challenged with Bakreshwar water, IL-10 gene expression was decreased and IFN-γ was increased. Conclusion: Hot spring water of Bakreshwar has antimicrobial effect on multi drug resistant Klebsiella pneumonia and it can normalize the cytokine balance with prolonged protection with raised IFN-γ.

Introduction: Dextrans are D-glucose homopolysaccharides made by bacteria. There are several different bacterial species that produce these polysaccharides. Dextran is used as an adjuvant, drug carrier emulsifier, carrier, and stabiliser in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical sectors, Nano gel. The aim of the study is to isolate Lactobacillus spp. from clinical sources, to identify the dextran production yield in Lactobacillus spp, and to reach the optimal growing parameters to discover the optimal dextran growth conditions. Methodology: 50 isolates of Lactobacillus spp. were gathered from different medical facilities in Baghdad City, 21 isolates came from healthy women's vagina (16 Lactobacillus plantarum, 5 Lactobacillus acidophilus), and 29 isolates came from samples of infant stool (15 Lactobacillus plantarum, 4 Lactobacillus acidophilus, and 10 Lactobacillus gasseri). All isolates were examined for dextran production using mucoid and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Lactobacillus acidophilus that was isolated from the genital tract of healthy women produced greater dextran. The results shows that the optimum conditions for dextran production that were investigated, there are several parameters play important roles to reach the optimal conditions, including, different natural carbon sources, nitrogen source, temperature, sucrose concentration, incubation time, pH, inoculum size. Conclusions: he optimum conditions for production were at 37 ºC for 48h at pH 5.5 with 4 % inoculum size and 6 g/ 100ml sucrose concentration with 6% best nitrogen source beef extract and the best natural carbon source for dextran production was dates.

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused an extraordinary setback in the global economy and public health. Vaccination is one of the most effective measures to significantly reduce severe illness and death from COVID-19. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of reports of new acute kidney injury (AKI) following COVID-19 vaccination. Podocyte injury, IgA nephropathy, vasculitis, tubulointerstitial injury, and thrombotic microangiopathy are considered to be the major pathological phenotypes. Nevertheless, whether the association between COVID-19 vaccination and acute kidney disease (AKD) is causal or chance remains to be tested. Indeed, it is undeniable that mass vaccination against COVID-19 will bring significant benefits in preventing morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. The study included the effect of the Corona vaccine on kidney functions and blood variables MCV, HGB, among vaccinated adults aged (18-32) years in Anbar province, auditors Ramadi Teaching Hospital and Anah General Hospital.40 blood samples were collected and a test was conducted for blood variables and kidney functions (creatinine and urea), and it was found that the percentage of urea and creatinine has increased among the vaccinated compared to its percentage when the unvaccinated, and that the percentage of MCV, HGB decreased among the vaccinated compared to the unvaccinated, as the study showed that the percentage of urea was among the unvaccinated (21.7) while among the vaccinated (36.41). Creatinine was among the unvaccinated (0.695) while among the vaccinated (1.041). The MCV rate among the unvaccinated (85.86) while among the vaccinated (82.74) and the percentage of HGB among the unvaccinated (13.58) while it was among the vaccinated (12.37).