A novel (new) corona virus (SARS-CoV-2), causing an emerging corona virus disease called COVID-19 was first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The disease outbreak in China which has taken a catastrophic turn with high toll rates in China and subsequently spreading across the globe which resulted in a pandemic situation in the world. The rapid spread of this virus to more than 213 countries and territories affecting nearly 9,504,264 persons with at least 5,161,054 have recovered while causing more than 483,681 human deaths. The SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the genus Beta corona virus, like MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, all of which originated in bats. It is highly contagious, causing symptoms like fever, dyspnea, asthenia and pneumonia, thrombocytopenia and the severely infected patients succumb to the disease. Till date, no clinically proclaimed, proven therapeutic antibodies or specific drugs and therapeutics, and vaccines have turned up. In this review article, we describe the vaccine development and developing potential therapeutic options that can be explored to manage this pandemic virus infection, which would help in valid countering of COVID-19.

The crop water requirement (CWR) and irrigation requirement (IR) of watermelon was calculated using a web based software. Relevant crop coefficients (Kc), duration of crops and cropping pattern were used to calculate CWR from ETo. These coefficients present the relationship between references (ETo) and crop evapotranspiration (ET crop) or ET crop = Kc * ETo. The covered area of all crops (canopy cover) was collected. The Kc values were taken from FAO. The CWR were calculated for the north central plateau zone of Odisha for which climatic data were available and were applied to the nearest Research station. The effective rainfall was calculated with web based software by using FAO conversion table. The CWR and IR value was also calculated through this web based software Water requirement of watermelon, is 343 mm and Irrigation requirement of this crop is 271 mm. in this zone 2. By using the software a farmer of this zone can find out the water requirement and irrigation requirement by giving the crop name according to their season and duration of crop.

Rats act as a reservoir for various diseases that can be transmitted to humans such as Murine typhus, PES, helminthiasis, and leptospirosis. Therefore, the presence of these mice plays an important role in the epidemiology of disease transmission, because in addition to being a host mouse also acts as a reservoir for several diseases. The zoonotic disease originating from mice is caused by the presence of ectoparasites and endoparasites that live in mice. This study aims to determine the relationship between the presence of waste with ectoparasites and endoparasites in mice. This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. Data obtained by observing the type of rat, identification of ectoparasites and endoparasites, calculation of success traps, univariate analysis using Chi-square test to determine the relationship between the presence of waste with ectoparasites and endoparasites in mice. The results showed that of the 37 rats caught, 78% were Rattus norvegicus, 15% Suncus murinus, and 7% Mus musculus. This study found 68% of rats infected with Xenopsylla cheopis ectoparasite type and 81% infected with endoparasites type from subclass nematode and Cestoda which are zoonotic which can increase the risk of infection in humans. From the test results, it was found that there is a relationship between the presence of waste with endoparasites (nematode and Cestoda) and there is no relationship between the presence of waste with ectoparasites in mice. Therefore, it is necessary to control the mouse regularly.

Family assessment is the collection of data about the composition of family and relationship among its members. It is a continuous process of evaluating patterns of interaction between family members relevant to the child health issue. The purpose of comprehensive family functional assessment is to provide the information necessary to determine the functioning of the family and how it contributes to child safety, permanency and wellbeing. The framework of the assessment of children in need and their families provide detailed guidance for gathering and analysing information about all children and their families. The framework refers to three dimensions for the assessment; child developmental needs, parenting capacity and family environmental factors. The features of high-quality assessment ensure equality of opportunity and respect for diversity including family structures, culture, religion and ethnic origin. Family assessment tools can be used to gather additional information about the family’s functioning and can place strengths. Information about family can be illustrated by Genogram, Ecomap of family, Family life line and SCREEM. During the family assessment, the role of nurse is to gather information relating to the child developmental needs, child’s safety, risk of maltreatment, ability to achieve permancy, parental protective capacity, progress toward health and wellbeing and parents’ capacity to respond to those needs. Family assessment is more than simple medical care for a child with health issues. When the nurse meets the family, it is important to investigate how all the members of the family are affected by child health issue.

Achieving sustainable food security for halve of the world population by 2025 is currently under threat because the multifaceted contribution of forest to household food security are shortened by the degradation of forests. This study however, examine the economic implication of forest degradation and food insecurity of farming households in Ibadan-Ibarapa Agricultural Development zone of Oyo State, Nigeria. The contribution of forest degradation to households’ food insecurity and its policy implication on food requirement. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the information obtained from one hundred and eighteen valid questionnaires. The forest-based farmers were sampled through a multistage sampling procedure; villages around the forest reserves in the zone were considered in the selection process and contact farmer. The result revealed that 59.2% of the respondents were food insecure while 40.8% were food secure. The food shortfall index was 0.68 and surplus of 2.51. Fuel wood, agricultural practices, charcoal production, logging for timber, wild fire, industrial expansion, games hunting, excessive grazing, inconsistence in government policies (forest-based) and changes in weather with its events are the main causes of forest degradation in the study area. Non-wood forest products such as vegetables, fruits, games, condiment are source of the peoples’ food where they obtain their daily food requirement. And that, farming experience (P≤0.01), household size (P≤0.1), excessive forest grazing (P≤0.05), income from games (P≤0.1) and logging (P≤0.1) significantly influence food insecurity in the area. Therefore, the study suggests policies that will limit the rate of exploiting the forests to aid forest degradation improvement.