Resin, one of the important non-timber forest products, is collected from Pinus roxburghii commonly known as Khote Salla. Resin tapping practice in Nepal is gaining high momentum in recent days and majority of industries are working to collect resin from different areas of Nepal and has significantly resulted in bringing changes in livelihood assets of people. Key informant interview (n=3), focus group discussion (n=3) and household survey (n=21) were undertaken to access impact of Resin Tapping on income generation of the households as well as CF and impact on forest condition by comparison between the processes mentioned in the Resin Tapping Guideline, 2064 and the actual practices. This study reveals that resin tapping operation has not any contribution on income of individual for their livelihood up-liftment of the community but the CFUG as a whole is dependent on Resin tapping and scientific forest management activities. Unscientific resin tapping operation has been carried out and maximum activities were beyond the guideline that has negative impact on forest. Only a single person of the community is involved in this operation as a supervisor so, the wage rate must be given more consideration to attract the locals. Timely Monitoring and supervision is important to stop the unscientific resin tapping operation.

Background and Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of opportunistic infections. Infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often severe and threatening, and is difficult to treat due to its limited susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and resistance to treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the molecular identification of CTX-M-1 genes in the P. aeruginosa strains isolated from urinary tract infections in Zanjan hospitals. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study of the study of 289 cases of urinary tract infection in Zanjan medical centers in 2019, 100 isolates of P. aeruginosa were identified by standard bacteriological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined by disk diffusion method and ESBL-producing isolates were identified by combined disk method. The bacterial DNA was then extracted and studied by PCR using specific gene primers. Results: The most resistant to ampicillin (73%) and tetracycline (49%) were the most sensitive to amikacin (90%) and nitrofurantoin (89%), respectively. A total of 35 samples were identified as the final ESBL producer. 29 specimens of Pseudomonas bacteria had the CTX-M1 gene. Conclusion: The genes studied in this study were all located on the chromosome of P. aeruginosa bacteria. Therefore, further investigation of ESBL genes such as CTX-M1 gene seems necessary to control this bacterium.