Objective: The current research study was completed in some areas of Kirkuk Governorate, where samples were collected randomly from pregnant women who had miscarriages arriving at government hospitals and some private medical clinics, whose ages ranged between 18-35 years for a period from 25/3/2024 to 1/10/2024. Methode: 150 samples were collected from pregnant women who had miscarriages (first miscarriage). It was suspected that they were infected with Toxoplasma, and a rapid test was performed to detect IgM and IgG, as 60 samples were confirmed to be infected with the Toxoplasma parasite through the appearance of a positive IgG result, and 30 uninfected samples were IgM negative. After that, blood was taken from patients and healthy and separated using a centrifuge. Then the intrelukin-17-IL-17, Chemerin, and some biochemical variables such as thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH), and antioxidants including glutathione peroxidase -GPX, Superoxide dismutase -SOD and Copper-Cu were measuring. Result: The results of this study showed a significant rise in each parameter (IL-17, chemerin, T3, T4, TSH, and Cu) and a significant low in concentration of (GPX, SOD) in the sera of women infected with T.gondii compared to healthy women, with a probability of P ≤ 0.05.

Plantago major leaves were used in traditional medicine for treatment many diseases; this research was performed out to qualitative investigation of phytocomponent in the Interested herb and also studies the antibacterial activity against certain types of bacterial isolated from clinical samples. The powder of plant leave was extracted with water/ ethanol (1:1). Following a qualitative screening for phytocomponents, the crude extract revealed the presence of several families of chemicals, including saponins, glycosides, phenols, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Three concentrations of crude extract were tested against five bacteria species include gram negative and gram positive (staphylococcus aurous, streptococcus pyogenous, pseudomonas, proteus spp.) using paper disc diffusion method. The three concentrations of crude extract was active in different percentage against all the tested bacteria.

This study investigates the relationship between copeptin levels, thyroid hormone concentrations, and body mass index (BMI) in patients with goiter. The experiment was conducted from the beginning of April 2023 until the end of September 2023, and samples were collected from Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk City. Sixty blood samples were collected and divided inti two groups: 40 patients with goiter and 20 healthy individuals. The samples analyzed for copeptin and thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH) using enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and results revealed significantly higher levels of copeptin, T3, T4, and TSH in goiter patients compared to controls, smoking was found to exacerbate thyroid dysfunction, as smoker tend to have higher levels of copeptin and thyroid hormone compared to non-smokers, and patient with goiter were observed to have a significantly higher BMI, highlighting the complex relationship between thyroid dysfunction, smoking, and metabolic processes. In goiter patient elevated copeptin levels were associated with increased metabolic activity, activation of the hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis, and heightened systemic inflammation. The study also examined the role of smoking- induced oxidative stress and inflammation in driving these changes.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome defined as a group of metabolic disorders that lead to elevated blood sugar levels. This chronic elevation is caused by a deficiency in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, resulting in disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In recent years, diabetes has become increasingly prevalent. Chemically, pharmaceutical drugs are used to mitigate the effects of diabetes and its subsequent complications; however, these medications often come with undesirable side effects, such as weight gain, gastrointestinal issues, and heart failure. On the other hand, medicinal plants can serve as a valuable source of antidiabetic drugs. Dietary restrictions, physical activity, and the use of plant-derived antidiabetic compounds are promoted as effective and safe methods for diabetes management due to their lower cost and fewer or negligible side effects. Additionally, their bioactive components, chemical characterization, and plant-based diets play a significant role in managing both diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. These approaches can help develop future strategies, such as identifying promising bioactive molecules for diabetes treatment. Natural product-based therapies play a crucial role in treating various diseases, and medicinal plants can be used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes due to their phenolic compounds, many of which exhibit antioxidant properties. Interest in medicinal plants has grown recently, forming the foundation of what is now known as alternative or complementary medicine. This review focuses on antidiabetic and cardioprotective plants, aiming to identify the potential benefits of medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases through safe, cost-effective, and alternative approaches.

Introduction: The increasingly widespread resistance of malaria parasites to currently available anti-malarial drugs has encouraged researchers to search for natural ingredients that are safe and effective in eradicating malaria. Previously, the search for natural medicinal ingredients was performed by exploiting organisms on land. This trend has changed, and marine-derived medicinal ingredients have become increasingly in demand. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) and brown seaweed (Sargassum polycystum) as antiplasmodial agents against Plasmodium falciparum. Methodology: Ethanol extracts of the two seaweeds were qualitatively tested for the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was performed to determine the metabolite profiles of the extracts. The antiplasmodial properties of the extracts against malaria parasites were determined by calculating the percentage of parasitemia inhibition, which was then used as a variable in probit analysis to determine the IC50 values of the extracts. Results: Saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids were identified in the extracts. Hexadecanoic acid (CAS) palmitic acid, and heptadecene-(8)-carbonic acid-(1) were found in both extracts, where asazulene (CAS) cyclopentacycloheptene,1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and dioctyl ester (CAS) dioctyl phthalate were identified only in the brown seaweed extract. Probit analysis in the anti-plasmodial assays revealed that the IC50 values of the red and brown seaweed extracts were 11.067and 10.214µg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: Given their IC50 values, the red and brown seaweed extracts can be categorized as active anti-plasmodials. Thus, they could be developed as anti-malarial ingredients.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between obesity measured by anthropometric measurements, vitamin D levels, and inflammatory status in Al-Ramadi obese adolescents. Methods: Between April and September of 2024, this study was carried out in the Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Ramadi, Iraq. A total of 60 teenagers were chosen, 30 of whom were obese (14 females and 16 males), and 30 of whom were normal weight as a control group. The InBody Device was used to evaluate anthropometric parameters such as body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), waist-hip fat ratio (WHR), visceral fat, body fat, and basal metabolism. Insulin resistance (IR) and vitamin D levels were assessed using the linked enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) method. The Cobas e411 equipment was used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Results: Results showed significantly (P≤0.05) increases in anthropometric measurements, insulin resistance and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β), whereas vitamin D levels showed significantly (P≤0.05) decreases in obese adolescents male and female than adolescents with normal weight male and female. Conclusion: The study concluded that the decreased in vitamin D levels appeared to be associated with obesity, as well as the high levels of insulin resistance (IR), inflammatory mediators and lipid profile that associated with obesity.

The present study aimed to determine whether there are effects of medical waste incineration ash from hospitals in promoting the growth of fava bean plants. Samples were taken in soil (mixture) and ash in different proportions and placed in boxes according to sample numbers: 1 consisted of 1 kg of soil, sample number 2 also included 1 kg of ash, and sample number 3contained half a kilo of soil plus half a kilo of ash. Sample number 4: a quarter of soil + 3 quarters of ash; sample number 5: a quarter of ash plus three quarters of soil. Before the research was done in the Directorate of Agriculture, Kirkuk, Department of Modern Irrigation Technologies, and Water and Soil Management Division Laboratories, a quantitative analysis of medical waste ash was done to find out the amounts of different materials and compounds in the ash. The analysis revealed a percentage of 0.189% for total nitrogen, 0.087% for total phosphorus, 0.47% for total potassium, and 25.476% for organic matter. We observed normal plant growth when we planted the seeds in soil, but no growth at all when we planted them in ash. When planted in an anvil containing half a kilo of soil and half a kilo of ash, the plant grew successfully, and no seeds were formed. In the fourth treatment, which included a quarter kilo of soil and three quarters of a kilo of ash, the plant did not grow, and on the contrary, it led to the appearance of white spots on the mixture. In the fifth treatment, which included a quarter kilo of ash and three quarters of a kilo of soil, the plant did not grow, and on the contrary, it led to the appearance of blackened soil. It is concluded from the current study that contaminated and hazardous waste should be buried in relation to medical waste, and restrictions should be placed on access to the waste disposal site.