The current study aimed to create a metronidazole nanoemulsion and then use it in the treatment of skin lesions in mice caused by Entamoeba histolytica. We used parasite isolates which taken from the Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Kirkuk. It was rediagnosed by conventional methods. After prepared metronidazole nanoemulsion. We selected 24 healthy males Mus musculus with an average weight of 20-25 grams mice aged 9-12 weeks from, the animals were randomly divided into four groups, with six animals in each group, as follows Control group which injected with normal saline in a volume of 0.1 ml. The second group was injected with a suspension of E. histolytica in a volume of 0.1 ml and at a concentration of 1 x 108 CFU. The third group was injected with Mt-nanoemulsion 0.1 ml. The fourth group was injected with a suspension of E. histolytica and treated with Mt-nanoemulsion. The solubility investigation was conducted using a variety of vehicles to determine the optimal solvent for isradipine's dissolution. Pseudo ternary phase diagrams are created at surfactant and co-surfactant mix related ratios of (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 2:1). Eight nano emulsions were created by combining several amounts of (Transcutol, Tween20, and Triacetin). The findings indicated that Triacetin was included in the formulations to preserve the medication in a solubilized state and prevent precipitation of the drug because Triacetin had a better solubility of metronidazole. The results of the in vitro study showed that the levels of Malondialdehyde were substantially greater (P >0.05) in the E. histolytica group than in the normal mouse group. Glutathione and catalase levels in the E. histolytica group were substantially lower (P>0.05) than those of normal mice. MDA, GSH, and catalase levels did not differ significantly between the Mt-nanoemulsion-treated group and the control group (P<0.05).

Lumbok Seminung Biodiversity Park is a biodiversity conservation area in Lumbok Seminung District, West Lampung Regency of Lampung Province, Indonesia. The park that was established in 2015 is intended to preserve the biodiversity of flora in the region that has the potential to attract and preserve various types of animals, especially pollinators and seed dispersers. This study conducted to presence of nest-building animals indicating the support function of the park in preserving biodiversity. Study approach used was descriptive intended to contact as many types of nest-building animals as possible that are actually present. Observation made by direct sighting thoroughly, either with or without visual aids, along established trails in the park. There were 41 animal nests found during the monitoring, comprise 33 nests of insect, 6 nests of birds and 2 nests of mammals. Totally there were 10 types of nesting animals identified, consisting of 7 species of insects, 2 species of birds and 1 species of mammal. Some of these nesting animals are known to have ecological roles as pollinators (bees and wasps) and seed dispersers (birds and squirrels). The plants used as nesting sites by animals in the park totally are 14 species. In conclusion, the Lumbok Seminung Biodiversity Park already has support functions for the regional biodiversity.

Since there is currently no ideal treatment, wound healing impairment is a significant clinical challenge that is the subject of ongoing research into effective wound healing strategies. As a result, it has been demonstrated that low level laser therapy (LLLT), which is used for wound healing, can effectively control both the local and the systemic response. This study was conducted on 24 adult, clinically healthy male rabbits for this purpose. On each animal's back, full-thickness excisional wounds measuring 2 cm x 2 cm were created following sterile skin preparation. The animals were randomly split into two equal groups, each with twelve rabbits. In the group that acts as a control; 5 milliliters of phosphate-buffered saline was used to treat wounds. In the group treated; for the first seven days, the wounds were only treated with (LLLT) at a rate of 5/5 second at 8j/cm2. At the seventh, fourteenth, and 35th days of healing, histopathological biopsies were performed. The control group's histopathology revealed hemorrhage with inflammatory cell infiltration, primarily neutrophils, and congested blood vessels in the gap seven days after surgery. Necrotized neutrophils, hemolysis, and granulation tissue under the dermis were present in the gap at fourteen days. Between the muscle fibers, there was hemolysis. At 35 days, there was irregular proliferation of fibrous connective tissue, and congested blood vessels with mononuclear cell infiltration could be seen in the gap. At seven days, the treated group has completely sloughed the epidermis and a thin crust on the skin's surface with a small incision. In the dermis, there is a lot of infiltration of inflammatory cells, mostly lymphocytes and macrophages. There is also a lot of granulation tissue and a lot of adipose tissue with a lot of thick collagen network. At fourteen days, the epidermis' epithelial layers have healed completely and a keratinized layer is present. In the dermis, a proliferating and thick collagen network, scattered inflammatory cells, and regular fibrosis with hemorrhage and the development of a new B.V. At day 35, look for narrow scar tissue with complete epithelization, a keratinized layer above the epidermis, new vascularization with a lot of regular fibrosis and few regular collagen, new hair follicles, new blood vessels, and scattered macrophages. We concluded that full-thickness wound healing is positively influenced by the use of low level laser therapy (LLLT), which creates a microenvironment favorable to cell growth and differentiation.

The genus Cuosinia Cass. is among the most common genera within the Asteraceae family. This genus contains an approximate range of 500 to 600 taxa. Pollen morphology analysis has proven to be a significant tool in the categorization of the Asteraceae, in addition to helping in the classification of specific genera and species under the family. An extensive examination of the pollen morphological features of six species belonging to the Cuosinia genus was carried out using both light and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen features that are beneficial for distinguishing various species of Cousinia based on characteristics instance form, dimension of the polar diameter and equatorial diameter, polar to equatorial axis ratio (P/E), exine thickness, sculpturing, and quantity of verrucae. Examination using light microscopy revealed that pollen grains were monads, tricolporate, isopolar, prolate-spheroidal, prolate, Sub-prolate. Using scanning electron microscopy, we categorized the pollen grains into three groups based on their exine ornamentation: group I (densely verrucate), group II (verrucate), and group III (loosely verrucate). Micrographs illustrating the morphology of pollen grains are accompanied by comprehensive descriptions of their structural characteristics. The pollen traits, such as morphology, exine thickness, and surfaces sculpturing, were found to be highly useful for classifying purposes.

The main objective of current research was to investigate toxicity effect of Monosodium glutamate and protective role of Curcumin on some blood biochemical parameters, body weight gain, relative organ weight and histopathological alterations in liver and kidney tissues in male albino rats. Twenty animals of male rats (Rattus norvegicus), their weight ranged from 111 to 165 gm. The animals were divided into four groups: Each animal group contained five rat, first group was control negative (-ve) administrated distilled water, the second group was control positive (+ve) administrated curcumin, third group was administrated by Monosodium glutamate (MSG) at dose 20 mg per one Kg and the forth group was administrated by Monosodium glutamate (MSG) at dose 20mg/Kg of body weight + curcumin at dose 100 mg per one Kg of body weight. All animal groups were administrated orally about 30 days. The study recorded significant p≥0.05 increment in liver and kidney function parameters included [Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Urea and creatinine] after oral administration of animals with MSG and MSG + Curcumin as a comparison with control groups. The study recorded significant decrement p≥0.05 in liver and kidney function parameters included ALT, AST, Urea and creatinine) in group was administrated MSG + Curcumin in comparison with group was administrated MSG only. Additionally, current study revealed histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue in groups were administrated MSG and MSG+ curcumin compared with + curcumin compared with control groups. Furthermore, the study revealed that curcumin had protective effect and result in slight histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue by reducing the damage and in group was treated by MSG+ curcumin for 30 days compared with MSG treated group.