Artificial intelligence is being used and integrate positively in anatomy, in which programs are available at all times, enhancing efficiency and decision-making, however, it also offers significant challenges by reducing human jobs, ethical concerns and high costs. This review provides an overview of artificial intelligence and the significant technology in the anatomy education.

Objective: The aim of this study for focused the light on the development structure of the testis of gazelle. Materials and Method: 10 healthy male gazelle were used to study the histology structure of testis (5 pre- Puberty and 5 post- Puberty). Results: The testis is surrounded by a thick, irregular connective tissue capsule. Each lobule of the testis is composed of seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue, and trabecular and interlobular septa divide the lobules apart. Neighboring the seminiferous tubules are Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells. From spermatogenic cells, spermatozoa are produced. The first spermatogonia are small, spherical cells with black, spherical nuclei that reside on the basement membrane. Spermatogonia were earliest stages of the spermatogenic cells. Larger cells with frequently distinct chromatin are called primary spermatocytes. Secondary spermatocytes are rare because of their quick second meiotic division and the haploid spermatids that follow. Spermatids are round, pale-nucleated cells that are grouped close to the lumen of the seminiferous tubule. Prostatogenic cells outnumber Sertoli cells in the body. Oval or triangular in shape, the nucleus has a light coloration. In the connective tissue separating adjacent tubules, Leydig cells are present. Lines the epididymis are pseudostratified epithelium. Extensions of the cytoplasm into the lumen are called stereocilia. In different proportions, there is circular smooth muscle, and a connective tissue lamina propria supports the epithelium. The rete testis is connected to the ductus epididymidis by the efferent ductules, which are convolutions of tubules. Numerous valved veins were visible in the tunica albuginea, which covered the initial ascending portion of the epididymal head. Cuboidal epithelium was lining extratesticular rete testis. Three different cell types; migrating, basal, and columnar had epithelial membranes lining the efferent ductules. Many columnar, non-ciliated cells with many cytoplasmic vacuoles and tiny granules lined the epithelium of the first segment of the efferent ductules. Conclusion: In post-puberty age, the structure of the gazelle's testis exhibited a pattern resembling that of other ruminants; the seminiferous tubules contain adult sperm and a broad lumen.

Thalassemia is a genetic condition characterized by faulty hemoglobin synthesis and low hemoglobin concentration. Overload of iron is an unavoidable condition experienced by severe thalassemia patients as a result of excessive blood transfusions. We looked at impaired liver function in thalassemia individuals with Iraq as a result of these issues. Our findings demonstrated serum activity in hepatocytes, as well as a large rise in GOT and AIP in patients with elevated iron levels and a substantial rise in TSB. All of these elements may work together or independently to create chronic liver disease by causing damage in cells via oxidative mechanisms.

The study carried out on 28 esophagus specimens of healthy, 14 Eurasian Collared Dove (Streptoplia decaocto) and 14 Buzzard (Beuteo beuteo vulpinus). The aimed, to study the esophagus's morphological also histological. The lumen of esophagus in dove appear narrower and shorter in length than Buzzard as well as the crop as well-developed sac , while the crop in buzzard as longitudinal narrow spindle dilation ,and the present research work was done on the histology and histochemistry of the esophagus in dove and buzzard and found that the esophagus was composed of three segment cervical, crop and thoracic ,histologically, the mucosa of cervical, thoracic part was lined by non-keratinized layer of stratified squamous cells. As well as The esophageal glands were absent in cervical part and crop in dove, whereas in the thoracic part these glands were present and their duct open toward the lumen of the esophagus. The mucosal folds well developed in the cervical portion. Histochemically, the epithelium gland of esophagus showed PAS positive reaction that indicated presence of neutral mucopolysaccharides, the esophageal glands showed strong moderate reaction by (PAS)in cervical and thoracic esophagus as well as in thoracic part in dove. Conclusion the results showed that esophagus was significantly different Morphological and histological between two birds.