Oxidative stress (OS) is the result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to neutralize and detoxify them. Infertility, endometriosis, preeclampsia, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are among the disorders of the reproductive system that it may cause. PCOS is a common reproductive endocrine disorder marked by irregular or absent ovulation, high testosterone levels, and the presence of polycystic ovaries as seen on an ultrasound. Patients with PCOS can have a wide range of signs. The etiology of PCOS remains unclear; however, it is believed to be associated with genetic, metabolic, endocrine, and environmental variables. Oxidative stress (OS) is when the body's oxidative and antioxidative systems are not working together properly. It is linked to the start and progression of many diseases. Research indicates that OS adversely impacts ovarian follicles and interferes with normal follicular growth and maturation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are too high can hurt granulosa cells and oocytes in the follicles, making them less healthy and threatening fertility. The link between oxidative stress (OS) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) needs to be studied in order to understand how OS affects the pathophysiology of PCOS and to find effective treatments that will improve the quality of life for women with PCOS. The possible therapeutic role of antioxidants is also examined.