Ambrosia maritima was traditionally used in folkloric medicine to treatment of rheumatic pains, asthma, and bilharziasis. In this study the plant tested for their secondary metabolites and toxicological effects. Ambrosia maritima showed high presence of alkaloids, steroids and triterpens, moderate presence of flavonoids and tannins, and trace presence of saponins and cumarins. Biochemical and histological examination were done. Rats treated with Ambrosia maritima showed no significant change from the control, except in the ALT, significant decrease was observed. The histological examination of the plant extract showed normal appearance of most sections therefor plants seemed to be safe for oral consumption.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of several herbal plants, Moringa, Usira and commercially sold African Bitters on selected micro-organisms. Adequate amount of fresh plants of Moringa leaves and Usira leaves were collected from a farm in Ekpoma Also, the commercial African bitters were purchased from herbal market in Ekpoma town, Edo State. The extract was prepared by weighing out 2g of the milled powdered powdered leaf of Moringa and Usira and adding 14ml of distilled deionized water and 10ml of 70% ethanol. The agar diffusion method and ditch method were employed for the sensitivity of the extracts on the bacterial isolates. The results on agar diffusion method showed that all the organisms isolated were resistant to moringa neat and distilled water extracts but were sensitive to ethanolic extract of moringa. Also, all the organisms were also resistant to usira neat and distilled water extract. However, Candida albicans was sensitive to ethanolic extract of usira. Furthermore, none of the organisms were sensitive to African biters in all the dilutions. The results on the ditch method showed that E. coli, Candida albicans, strep were sensitive while Pseudomonas species and Klebsiella species were not sensitive. It can be concluded that the extracts of Moringa and Usira (ethanol extract) inhibited the growth of bacteria isolates in a dose dependent fashion. Hence, it can be concluded that the leaf of Moringa and Usira can be a very good source for herbal drugs especially in using ethanol as a solvents.

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) is the most extensively used dialysis method globally, and it necessitates vascular access. Arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), arteriovenous grafts, and central venous catheters (CVC), which can be tunneled or not, are all methods for gaining access. Vascular access is a major risk factor for bacteremia, hospitalization, and mortality among HD patients. The efficacy of Actolind solution in suppressing jugular catheter infection sites in patients with positive jugular catheter culture swab was investigated, as well as the efficiency of Actolind solution opposed to iodine. Methodology: This was a prospective, randomized, comparable efficacy clinical trial completed at the renal unit of the Port Sudan teaching hospital's renal dialysis center. The patient group was recruited from across the Red Sea State. A retrospective study of 50 End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients who were either on upkeep HD or were scheduled to receive a kidney transplant as soon as possible. Sociodemographics, comorbidities, and microbiological growth outcomes were gathered prior to and after the interventional procedure. Results: According to the results, the male to female ratio was 4:1. There were 39 males and 11 females. All of the patients had ESRD, with 10 of them being hypertensive and diabetic, 34 being diabetic solely, and 16 being hypertension exclusively. Gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria, and yeasts constituted 32 (64%), 20 (40%), and 6 (12%) of the cultivars, respectively. Seven patients out of fifty had mixed infections (14%). Forty-one wound swab results after intervention were negative, while nine patients had persistent infection confirmed by positive cultures. Conclusion: Removal of CVC due to infection or catheter malfunction occurred less often with Actolind-based lock solutions. We present the prospective comparing Actolind - and iodine -based lock solutions yet. However, due to the retrospective observational nature of this study, conclusions with regard to superiority should be considering.