Protein Loosing Enteropathy (PLE) is a disorder characterized by either increased loss of proteins from the digestive system or defect in the absorption of proteins. It is a rare complication seen in some cases of Fontan surgery, the reason for which remains an enigma. There are many causes elucidated like increased central venous pressure, decreased cardiac output, increased mesenteric resistance, lymphatic obstruction and so on. Though panoply of treatment options is available for the management of PLE post Fontan, there is still no consensus regarding the causes, consequences and treatment protocol. We present a case of 22 year old girl who underwent Fontan procedure for complex congenital heart disease at the age of 3. She developed diarrhea, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia 18 years after surgery and was diagnosed as protein loosing enteropathy post Fontan based on strong clinical findings after excluding other causes of hypoalbuminemia and was managed conservatively. PLE post Fontan has a grave prognosis and is essential to elucidate the exact pathophysiological abnormality thus paving way for better therapeutic management.

Cereals and legumes are important food crops and provide cheap sources of energy and protein, and therefore, are good substitutes or supplements to major staples foods and help meet the needs of Africa's teeming population. Five food products (rice, maize wheat, groundnut and beans) stored for 2 - 4 months in different packaging materials were assessed for the presence of mycotoxin producing moulds. These samples were randomly selected from different markets. Standard microbiological and molecular methods were used in the isolation and identification of moulds. The frequently occurring moulds species identified molecularly were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus tamarii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus, and Penicillium chrysogenum. The dominant mould species were Aspergillus flavus (46%) followed by Aspergillus tamari (23%), Aspergillus niger (18%), and Penicillium chrysogenum (9%) while the least was (4%) Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus. The Phylogenic tree was constructed by using the geneious software version 4.0. (By Neighbor-joining (N-J) method based on the 18s rDNA sequence.) The 18S rDNA sequence analysed showed that strains were most closely affiliated with members of their genus. The occurrence of high contamination level of Aspergillus species indicates the possible production of aflatoxin in stored food products. There is a strong need to devise good storage condition for stored food products to avoid mycotoxigenic moulds contamination.