Keratinophilic fungi are molds with similar morphology and physiological characteristics that generate the keratinase enzyme, which degrades keratin materials in or on the soil. The study included isolation of Chrysosporium indicum which represents keratinophilic isolate associated with dermatophytic infections. The genetic variant of the ribosomal sequences was investigated in this research for the pattern of biological diversity of isolate collected from province of Babylon. The findings revealed the precise identification of amplified sample was Chrysosporium indicum. Two adjacent variants were located in sample (480T>C and 481G>A). Additionally, phylogenetic analysis verified their position among the appropriate clades.

Actinomycosis is a chronic, suppurative, and slowly progressive infection caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic, non-spore-forming Gram-positive bacilli belonging to the genus Actinomyces. This condition is challenging to diagnose as it requires anaerobic culture media. We present the case of an 80-year-old male patient diagnosed with loculated left empyema, treated surgically with decortication, along with prolonged antibiotic therapy, resulting in resolution of the case.