In this article, the main purpose has been the characterization of characters in the Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah. To carry out the task, the research has been conducted through the lenses of the deconstuction approach. Through the completion of the task, the characters have been divided into three groups namely major characters, the minor characters, and other characters. At the end of the investigation, it has been discovered there are two major characters in the novel. As for minor characters there are two characters as well. When it comes to other characters, although in this article their number has shortened to two characters, it should be mentioned that there are more characters who should belong to this last group of characters. This short number of characters belonging to other characters has been due to the constraint of the article size.

As the gases from which stars are born are ejected by those very stars when they die, the life of a star indicates that cosmic matter is on an endless cycle of birth, death, and regeneration. The dense carbon in their cores provides the building blocks for new planets, stars, and even life on this or other worlds. On a clear night, gazing up at the sky, the scene is traditionally one of millions of dazzling sparkling stars. The present review works gives innovation information about star, Sun, Asteroids & Galaxies along with easy way to remember about stars.

English is commonly used as an official language, a second language for business and commerce, as well as a medium of instruction in Outer Circle countries, including the Philippines. There have been studies about the impact of the English language on the economy of certain Outer Circle countries; however, no existing research has presented a comprehensive picture of its impact on the Philippines, which is renowned for excellence in industries that have developed based on Filipinos’ high English proficiency, such as English-speaking call centers and both online and offline schools that teach English as a second language (ESL). Therefore, this article comprehensively describes the relationship between the English language and the economy of the Philippines and explores its associated problems. First, the article briefly explains the history of English education in the Philippines to demonstrate why a large proportion of its population is proficient in English. Second, it focuses on Filipinos’ English proficiency by examining their average scores on international standardized English tests and the Business English Index. Furthermore, it reviews the literature that investigates their evaluation of their own English as well as their awareness of the importance of English in their workplaces. Third, it examines English-based industries: call center and ESL industries. Finally, it discusses the problems of using English as a medium of instruction and the exploitation of the Philippines’ inexpensive labor force in these English-based industries by developed countries.

This article explores John Fowles’ employment of Metafiction in the French Lieutenant’s Woman. It makes the case that Fowles’ metafiction is motivated by the author’s postmodernist desire to comment upon, undermine and critique the dominant and authoritative narratives in history, the understanding of history and in literary history. Fowles’ novel’s metafiction critiques the Victorian ideology through interweaving metafictional elements into a novel set in the Victorian era and, at least initially, following a conventional kind of plot premise. The Victorian ideology is critiqued through a metafictional reimagining of tropes of Victorian fiction. The novel breaks through the constraints of Victorian fiction in such a way as to fragment itself into multiple conflicting endings. Each of these endings violate the conventions of Victorian fiction in form and content, whilst remaining historically rooted and plausible. The multiple endings expose the fictitiousness of the novel and express John Fowles’ beliefs about the absurdity of human social life.

Results of a questionnaire with a sample of EFL instructors at some Saudi universities showed that the instructors just follow the assigned textbook and do not integrate any global themes in their EFL courses. Therefore, this article aims to proposes a model for integrating global themes in the EFL college classroom, especially in reading and speaking instruction. The aim of the model is to help EFL students learn about the ideologies, cultures and customs of other countries; address current global problems; compare the similarities and differences the peoples of the world share; focus on the interrelatedness of human beings; recognize stereotypes western people have about Islam, Muslims, Arabs, women; and listen to multiple perspectives. The model proposes 4 areas of global themes that can be integrated in EFL reading and speaking: (i) global systems (political, economic, cultural, ideological, ecological, health, social, technological, educational, ideological and judicial; (ii) diverse human values such as conflict resolution, cooperation and teamwork; (iii) current global issues issues (terrorism, fundamentalism, violence…etc); and (iv) the history of contact and interdependence among peoples. It also proposes the integration of 4 types of goals: knowledge, skills, values and participation goals. Examples of concepts, and types of objectives related to the global themes, resources for locating global themes; stages of teaching the global themes and instructor’s role are provided.