In this paper, I will be focusing on Ramprasadi Shyama Sangeet - how Ramprasad’s songs were beyond his subject, bringing in several contexts that emphasized the portrayal of his subject, Kali. Ramprasad Sen (1718-1775) wrote and composed almost 300 Shakta songs in Bengali dedicated to Maa Kali. Other poets like Kamalakanta Bhattacharya, Mahendranath Bhattacharya were other notable poets who followed Ramprasad Sen. Their written poems were sung and performed in the villages and they later found their way to the cities. Shyama Sangeet is one of the most integral parts of Bengali culture. This experience has found a continuous representation in all his songs. He wrote songs for farmers, businessmen mirroring the social crises, debts that a common man has. These brought in the social and economic aspects of the Bengal province of Colonial India. The rise of these songs took place in an extremely volatile political state. On one level, it was used as a tool for creating an anti-Mughal attitude on the other level it created an anti-colonial mindset by grasping the roots of power and motherhood of the nation. The juxtaposition of motherhood, everyday philosophy, socio-economic and political conditions created an enriched text in the Bengali culture that was addressed to many social classes. This paper attempts to explore. How did Kali attain the centre of Goddess worshipping from the periphery? What role does Shyama Sangeet play in the process? How was the ferocious Kali portrayed as an ignorant mother? How did the mother figure of the Kali influence nationalistic movements in Bengal?

Proverbs are popular and wise sayings. These two marked features make them intriguing and worth the time and effort put into their analysis; they reflect how people’s traditions and thoughts on a specific matter. For this reason, this paper is devoted to analyzing ten English proverbs in order to unearth how the English-speaking countries (have) viewed men and women. However, what makes this paper slightly different from most of the research which has been done on proverbs is that it employs an analytical tool—which is called Equating and Contrasting—taken from critical stylistics to uncover sexist ideologies in English proverbs. The critical-stylistic analysis has shown that English proverbs construct a world in which men and women are equated to specific entities and contrasted with others. Furthermore, men and women are stereotyped in English proverbs which emphasize different notions when it comes to dealing with men and women.

The study was designed to ascertain the use of library information services, resources and research productivity effectiveness of agricultural scientists in Nigeria specifically; the study determined whether there is different between research productivity effectiveness of agricultural scientists in the universities of agriculture and that of agricultural research institute. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses. The researchers employed a descriptive survey research design and questionnaire was used for data collection. 701 respondents (460 and 241) from universities of agriculture and agricultural research institutes respectively were sampled out from a population of 1465 for the study. Data were analyzed using mean, and standard deviation, while t-test was used to test the hypotheses. The finding showed that library information services were utilized to a large extent while most library information resources also had 2.50 and above mean score of utilization. The finding also indicated that there was no significant difference in the research productivity for agricultural scientists in the universities of agriculture and agricultural research institutes in Nigeria. It was recommended that agricultural scientists should effectively utilize library information services and resources especially e-resources and e-services to enhance their resource productivity.

Contemporary poets are often observed to use foregrounding to appeal their readers and to give their newly-born works their distinctive and unusual identity. Foregrounding is the professional sureness and furtive element that poets resort to attain their purposes. With a literary consciousness and sensibility peculiar to the modernist school of poets, foregrounding is the indispensable characteristic of contemporary poems. Thus, this paper tends to examine various linguistic techniques exploited to highlight foregrounded deviations in some contemporary poems. The paper utilizes five levels of foregrounded deviations: graphological, phonological, lexical, syntactic, and semantic as suggested by Gibbons and Whiteley (2018). The paper concludes that selected poems foreground their themes by resorting to at least one of the five mentioned levels. Moreover, foregrounding in each poem crystalizes the poem's theme and give rise to strikingness and inducement: It enhances defamiliarization which evokes influence leading to ‘refamiliarizing’ informative exertions.

This article sought to understand the representations, appropriations and practices of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers towards the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in their classes in secondary schools of the Littoral Region. The methodology used was qualitative and administered through the application of questionnaires with closed and open questions administered to 50 participants randomly selected from five secondary schools located in the said region. The return rate was 96 percent. The results highlight the need of participant teachers, for a transformative pedagogical practice based on the use of digital technologies. The lack of theoretical, technical and pedagogical contributions, necessary to the teaching training process for the use of new technologies in school, was one of the aspects that shaped the difficulties in assimilating new pedagogical practices in schools.