Adequate information on the effects of irrigation on soil physical and chemical properties is critical as it substantially helps in ensuring environmental sustainability. To achieve this, two farmers plot were investigated at Gidan Arju village based on similarities in farming activities. Two profile pits were dug one for each plot and named IrrP1 and IrrP2 respectively. Soil samples collected from the genetic horizon each pedons. The samples were analysed for their physico-chemical properties. The pedons were sandy loam and sandy clay loam in texture at surface and subsurface horizons respectively. The BD was moderate for both pedons. The soil pH (H2O) ranged between 7.9-10 and was rated alkaline to strongly alkaline. Statistically, there was no significant variation between the two pedons. However, the entire samples were marginal in total porosity, OC, AP and low in EC. Total nitrogen, CEC, exchangeable Na, K, Mg and Ca were rated high. Correlation analysis showed insignificant, but negative relationship of BD with TN (r = -0.562), CEC (r = -0.304) and PBS (r = -0.396). From the results of our study it is recommended that phosphate fertilizer and manure should be supplemented to enhance nutrient status of the soils. Similarly, good quality irrigation water was also recommended to improve the soil pH.

Forest Reserve Areas can sustain themselves of their valuable species through an effective regeneration system. At present, most of the preserved forest areas are been vandalized and valuable species are illegally removed. Based on the ecological problems which lead to the extinction of valuable flora and fauna species, it became necessary to study species diversity and their potentiality for regeneration in old Afaka Forest Reserve. Four (4) plots (A–D) of 100m x 100m were laid in each plot. Point centred quadrant method of sampling was used. Transect were selected on pure random basis where data were collected on species diversity and families, density of woody stem, diameter class distribution, regeneration potentials and relative frequency. 21 families with a total of 181 species were obtained on the species diversity at old Afaka Forest Reserve. The densities of woody plant varied between 625.01 - 961.51 per hectare in plots A, B, C and D. While the highest number of trees in diameter-class distribution were apportioned to 10 – 19cm class interval in plots A, B, C and D respectively. Diameter class 50cm and above had the lowest number of trees allocated to it. The regeneration potential of the diversified species was very poor, which has a great implication for regeneration and conservation of the various species encountered. Although Isoberlinia doka Craib &Stapf.had the highest regeneration potential from each of the examined plots followed closely by Acacia senegal, Parkia biglobosa and Terminalia avicennoides Gull &Peer. Important woody plants of economic importance, like Triplochiton scleroxylon k. schum had zero regeneration potential. However, it is necessary to understand the phenology of the forest reserve. To study whether seeds or fruits produced are under adequate physiological conditions to germinate and grow into wildlings for regeneration purposes.