Proficiency in languages enables individuals to communicate effectively with people from diverse backgrounds, fostering international understanding and collaboration. while the importance of studying English cannot be overstated in today’s interconnected world, providing individuals access to a wealth of information, opportunities, and global conversations. It cannot be denied that one of the effective language teaching approaches in general and Speaking & Listening skill, in particular is the Multimodal Discourse Analysis Theory (MDA). Applying MDA in foreign language teaching not only meets the need for innovation in teaching methods but also contributes to improving the quality of education, helps students develop comprehensive communication skills, enhance employability and open doors to a wider range of job opportunities, both locally and internationally.

This study delved deep into the complex and intricate nature of integrative complexity within Indonesian morphology. The research employed a comprehensive morphosyntax analysis, utilizing corpus data, qualitatives methodologies, and empirical observations to examine the structural interconnections and multifaceted elements that shaped the morphological framework of the Indonesian language. The investigation aimed to unveil the nuanced patterns and layered structures that contributed to the integrative complexity of Indonesian morphology through a thorough examination of the language's morphological processes. The findings showed (1) that the Indonesian language utilized a diverse range of affixes, such as prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and circumfixes, each contributing uniquely to the grammatical and semantic nuances of words; (2) the intricate interplay between full, partial, and iterative reduplication highlighted its crucial role as a significant contributor to the integrative complexity within Indonesian morphology, and (3) the syntactic configurations in Indonesian interacted harmoniously with affixation, reduplication, and other morphological components, thereby uniquely shaping the integrative complexity within Indonesian morphology. These findings helped shed light on the rich and diverse linguistic landscape of Indonesian morphology, offering valuable insights into the complex nature of morphological processes. This study contributed to linguistics, highlighting the importance of integrative complexity and its role in shaping the linguistic landscape of Indonesian morphology.

Plantago major leaves were used in traditional medicine for treatment many diseases; this research was performed out to qualitative investigation of phytocomponent in the Interested herb and also studies the antibacterial activity against certain types of bacterial isolated from clinical samples. The powder of plant leave was extracted with water/ ethanol (1:1). Following a qualitative screening for phytocomponents, the crude extract revealed the presence of several families of chemicals, including saponins, glycosides, phenols, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Three concentrations of crude extract were tested against five bacteria species include gram negative and gram positive (staphylococcus aurous, streptococcus pyogenous, pseudomonas, proteus spp.) using paper disc diffusion method. The three concentrations of crude extract was active in different percentage against all the tested bacteria.

Objective: The current research study was completed in some areas of Kirkuk Governorate, where samples were collected randomly from pregnant women who had miscarriages arriving at government hospitals and some private medical clinics, whose ages ranged between 18-35 years for a period from 25/3/2024 to 1/10/2024. Methode: 150 samples were collected from pregnant women who had miscarriages (first miscarriage). It was suspected that they were infected with Toxoplasma, and a rapid test was performed to detect IgM and IgG, as 60 samples were confirmed to be infected with the Toxoplasma parasite through the appearance of a positive IgG result, and 30 uninfected samples were IgM negative. After that, blood was taken from patients and healthy and separated using a centrifuge. Then the intrelukin-17-IL-17, Chemerin, and some biochemical variables such as thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TSH), and antioxidants including glutathione peroxidase -GPX, Superoxide dismutase -SOD and Copper-Cu were measuring. Result: The results of this study showed a significant rise in each parameter (IL-17, chemerin, T3, T4, TSH, and Cu) and a significant low in concentration of (GPX, SOD) in the sera of women infected with T.gondii compared to healthy women, with a probability of P ≤ 0.05.

Specific instability of boreholes drilled through rocks, such as borehole breakout, borehole collapse, and shale swelling, is a significant concern in drilling operations due to the adverse impact it has on drilling safety and efficiency. Despite considerable research on borehole instability, finding a solution to this problem remains elusive. The objective of this review is to examine the primary mechanisms of instability in rocks from a general physical instability principle perspective. A key criterion for the analysis of specific instability problems is the construction of comprehensive phase diagrams. Within this context, three main approaches and their partial implementation are discussed. The first approach involves constructing phase diagrams under the assumption that the borehole has already caved and aims to determine the final position of the cave wall. However, this approach presents several challenges. Caving may lead to severe kick-off or break-off problems, instability during the caving process, and complications in simultaneously modeling caving in a fluid-like porous material alongside flow filtration through the open walls of the borehole. The second approach entails developing phase diagrams that characterize the mechanical and hydraulic instability of the borehole wall being driven. These phase diagrams serve as specific instability criteria, but they face difficulties in generalizing across various failure mechanisms since they are typically non-quasi-static and are disregarded after failure occurs and the propagation ban is implemented. The third approach involves analyzing phase diagrams to investigate the results of the touch modes of compliance. However, these phase diagrams and the collapse of final boundary conditions often overlook the main depletions and in-situ impedances, which are crucial system-specific physical complements that enhance the classical mode of balance equation. Therefore, the integration of these factors is essential for a more comprehensive understanding of borehole instability.