Background/aim: The purpose of the present study was to review the effect of varicocelectomy on semen parameters and spontaneous pregnancy in infertile men. Materials and methods: Data regarding 227 patients who underwent varicocelectomy were analyzed. Patients that was used a loop magnifier were labeled as group I(n=90), patients whom was used a microscope were labeled as group II(n=90) and patients who underwent open ligation were labeled as group III(n=47). Semen parameters and spontaneous pregnancy were compared between the groups. Results: The average age was 28.5 years. Preoperative azoospermia, oligospermia and normospermia were 13.3%, 52.2% and 34.4% in group I, 22.2%, 36.7% and 41.1% in group II, 6.4%, 48.9% and 44.7% in group III, respectively. Postoperative azoospermia, oligospermia and normospermia were 1.1%, 46.7% and 52.2% in group II, respectively(p<0.05). Postoperatively, oligospermia and normospermia were 50% and 50% in group I, 42.6% and 57.4% in group III, respectivly(p<0.05). Postoperative azoospermia were not observed in any of the patients in group I and grup III. Preoperative concentration was 12X106/mL in group I, 12,9X106/mL in group II, and 13X106/mL in group III, postoperative concentration were 16,5X106/mL, 27,5X106/mL and 23X106/mL in group I, group II and group III, respectively(p>0.05). Preoperative morphology were 26.7% in group I, 33% in group II and 25.5% in group III, postoperative morphology were 58.9%, 75.6% and 76.6% in group I, group II and group III, respectively(p<0.05). Preoperative sperm A was 19.9% in group I, 8.3% in group II, 21.3% in group III, postoperative sperm A was 32%, 21.1% and 33.7% in all groups, respectively(p<0.05). Preoperative sperm A+B was 42.1% in group I, 14.2% in group II, 45.1% in group III, postoperative sperm A+B was 52.3%, 45.2% and 55.9% in all groups, respectively(p<0.05). Spontaneous pregnancy was 37.8% in group I, 26.7% in group II and 38.3% in group III(p>0.05). Conclusions: Improvement in semen parameters were found significant in microsurgery groups. While the concentration was insignificant in the open ligation group, spontaneous pregnancy was similar in groups.