This systematic literature review examined the relationship between talent development programmes and organizational resilience, with particular focus on how talent on-the-job training, structured talent mentoring, career path planning, and talent performance evaluation contribute to employee commitment, job resourcefulness, and employee innovative behavior as dimensions of organizational resilience in commercial banks. The review adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. A comprehensive electronic search spanning nine major academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, and Emerald Insight, covered publications from 1958 to 2026. Following systematic screening and quality assessment, 115 studies were retained for thematic narrative synthesis. The study found that talent development programmes are positively and consistently associated with organizational resilience across diverse national, sectoral, and institutional contexts. Each of the four talent development dimensions, namely talent on-the-job training, structured talent mentoring, career path planning, and talent performance evaluation, independently and collectively generates the employee commitment, job resourcefulness, and employee innovative behavior outcomes that constitute workforce-level organizational resilience. Perceived organizational support moderates all four dimensions, amplifying their resilience-generating effects when employees simultaneously perceive high organizational care for their contributions and well-being. This review is the first systematic literature review to examine all four talent development programme dimensions as an integrated framework and their combined contribution to three distinct dimensions of organizational resilience. It fills a significant geographical gap by centering its analysis on the Sub-Saharan African commercial banking context, specifically Nigeria and Rivers State, and provides theoretically grounded, practically actionable evidence for bank management and human resource practitioners seeking to build resilient workforces in rapidly changing banking environments.