Aquatic macrophytes play a critical role in the removal and sequestration of heavy metals from contaminated freshwater systems through bioaccumulation and phytoremediation processes. This study examines the capacity of two submerged aquatic plants, Ceratophyllum submersum and Ceratophyllum demersum, to accumulate nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) from aqueous environments. The study's findings showed physiological reactions such as lower protein content and a reduction in chlorophyll concentration, which affects photosynthesis. According to the study's findings, heavy metals have an impact on plants' evolutionary states through enzyme alterations, oxidative stress reactions, and pigmentation loss.