Background: Gallbladder disease is one of the prevalent hepatobiliary disorders, which are often accompanied by metabolic abnormalities, especially dyslipidemia. Nevertheless, in uncomplicated cases, abnormalities in the baseline liver function are not always present. Also, there are temporary changes in liver enzymes after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, although there is limited data of certain region populations. Aims: The purpose of the research was to test the differences in lipid profiles and liver biochemistry between women with the gallbladder disease and healthy control groups, and to determine the changes in liver enzymes in the short term after laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery in Dhi Qar Governorate. Methods: This was a case control study and prospective observational study. One hundred and thirty-five female patients with a known case of gallbladder disease who are between 30 and 45 years were matched with one hundred and thirty-five healthy seemed controls. All subjects were of regular menstrual cycles and none had a history of chronic psychosis or malignancy. Tests of serum lipid profile and liver functioning were obtained after overnight fasting. They also followed 100 patients who were having elective laparoscopy cholecystectomy and biochemical measurements were conducted before surgery, at 24 and 72 hours of operation. There were statistical analyses of independent and paired t-tests, where p < 0.05 is statistically significant. Results: The patients with gallbladder disease had much higher serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, and much lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in comparison with the controls (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in terms of level of alanine aminotransferase or bilirubin in the two groups. In laparoscopic cholecystectomy AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, and total bilirubin levels were significantly increased at 24hours postoperative (p-value less than 0.05) which began to return to baseline levels after 72 hours. There was no significant postoperative change in the direct bilirubin levels. Conclusions: Gallbladder disease in women of Dhi Qar Governorate is mainly related to dyslipidemia and not baseline liver dysfunction. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy causes temporary and reversible rises in liver enzymes and no signs of long-term hepatocellular damage and biliary dysfunction.