The current research aims to reveal the genetic variability and mutation rates in the genes of Hymenoptera species by taking several samples from different regions of northern Iraq, including Kirkuk/Wasiti and Salah al-Din/Tikrit/Alam. Samples were collected from different sites using different methods and placed in special bags. They were then transported to the laboratory, where DNA was isolated from each sample. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine their sequence and record statistical analyses. The results showed that all samples belonged to the Hymenoptera species in Salah al-Din and Kirkuk governorates. The samples exhibited variation in the number and types of different genetic mutations, with a genetic concordance rate of 90% in samples collected from Salah al-Din/Tikrit/Alam governorates, while the samples from Kirkuk/Wasiti governorates exhibited a genetic variation of 91%, with changes in the nitrogenous base sequence between purines and pyrimidines. From this research, we concluded that there is significant genetic variation in the genome of the ant Hymenoptera sp. This is due to the significant influence of environmental adaptation, feeding pattern, and the stages of the ant's life cycle and its requirements, which promote biodiversity during different seasons.