Determining the Genetic Fingerprinting and Genetic Distance of Bread Wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum) Using RAPD-PCR Markers
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the current search is to determine the DNA fingerprinting and genetic distance of eight varieties (Sham6, Sham9, Ibaa99, Fayyad, bohoth22, Nizar, Buro, Nazar) of local bread wheat grown in Tikrit city using RAPD -PCR Markers. Materials and Methods of Work: DNA was extracted from the young leaves of the samples after (15) days of cultivation. The concentration and purity of the DNA were measured, and RAPD-PCR indicators were applied to the DNA of the eight varieties using (23) primers. The results sample were transferred on electrophoresis, exposed to ultraviolet light The gel was photographed, and the images were transferred for statistical analysis. Results: The primers used produced (591) band, of which (96) were general band and (495) were different band. A genetic fingerprint was established for most of the genotypes, characterized by a number of distinctive bands totaling (43), of which (30) were unique and (13) were absent. The Sham 9 G2 variety had the high number of unique bonds, reaching (7) bands, The Nizar G8 variety had the fewest, possessing only one unique band. As for the absent bands, Own the Bohoth 22G3 variant with the high number of bands, reaching (3) bands. In contrast, the Sham 6 G1 variety absent bands. The primers varied in size, resulting in band sizes ranging from 100 to 2500 bp. The genetic distance values ranged (0.275 - 0.664), where the lowest genetic distance was between the two varieties, Inaa 99 G3 and Al-Nizar G6, If the ratio appears as 0.275, a considered the greatest similarity between the two types included in the search. As for the highest genetic distance, it reached 0.664 between the two varieties, Buhouth 22 G5 and Al-Buro G7 the lowest similarity. Conclusion: The varieties were characterized by high genetic variation among and distinctive (unique and absent) bands. The RAPD markers showed high efficiency in determining the genetic fingerprint and genetic distance of the studied genetic structures.