The most common cancer that has been diagnosed and one of the major causes of cancer related deaths among women in Iraq is breast cancer. This review paper focuses on the burden, determinants, and healthcare response to breast cancer through national registry data, peer-reviewed literature and recent reports of the Ministry of Health (2010-2025). The results indicate a gradual increase in incidence, especially in women aged 40-49 years, and the majority of the cases occurring at advanced stages (III-IV). Comparatively high mortality rates and low survival rates can be attributed to late diagnosis, low rates of screening coverage and regional differences in diagnostic and treatment potential. Hormonal and reproductive patterns, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and limited awareness coupled by the sociocultural barriers and conflict related disruptions constitute the risk factors. Although data systems and oncology infrastructure have improved, there still exist large gaps, particularly in the areas of pathology services, radiotherapy access, workforce training, and psychosocial and palliative care. The WHO, IAEA, EMPHNET and NGOs have been able to enhance completeness of registries and pilot early-detection programs, but there is uneven implementation. Improving early-detection measures, decentralization of treatment and diagnostic centers, maintaining constant availability of drugs and incorporation of psychological support is an issue of emergency. The review concludes with the fact that long-term investment, policy coordination, and capacity-building can be needed to attain equitable breast cancer control and enhance the survival rate and quality of life of Iraqi women.