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SAR Journal of Pathology and Microbiology
Volume-6 | Issue-04
Original Research Article
Systemic Analysis of Serum Interleukin [IL-9, IL-12 and IL-13], Chemokines [CXCL-1 and CCL-11] and Growth Factors by using Pathogenic Bacteria
Sura Mohammed Jasim, Maysaa Zaki Yahya, Lilyan Q. Alwan, Maha Abd AL Kareem Hamed
Published : July 16, 2025
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjpm.2025.v06i04.002
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae or pneumococcus is a type of bacteria that may cause a great variety of diseases some of which are rather dangerous. Certain strains of streptococcal pneumoniae are more apt to cause a disease than others due to special characteristics they have. Due to several factors among which is the formation of capsules, surface proteins, and toxins, like pneumolysin, bacteria can cause tissue damage and enable them to evade the host immune system. The study was conducted with the use of the multiplex assay in order to examine the influence of this chronic inflammation around the implant on the expression level of the inflammatory cytokines on the organismal level. Cytokine systemic induction in the model of mouse was species specific. Compared to the tissues of individual infections or sterile implants, there was an entirely different manner in which infected implants elicited cytokines. Interactions between factors of tissue, implant materials and bacteria factors are major contributors in the pathophysiology of peri-implant disorders through high levels of inflammation. Most recent studies have associated conditions of long-term inflammation with the type of bacteria that lead to the peri-implant infections. Biomaterial-related infection usually led to the determination of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-9, IL-12, and IL-13. These facts of massive infiltration and long-term persistence of the host immune cells in cases of biomaterial-related infections raise a question that whether these infections contribute more to the development of inflammatory responses.

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