When conventional medical interventions fail to adequately address chronic illnesses, numerous individuals resort to alternative remedies. Included among these treatments are herbal medications, which may have a role in the prevalent and popular use of nutritional supplement-based therapies. This review sought to examine the description and classification of the gum arabic plant, its chemical makeup, its economic and medicinal significance, and its impact on the kidneys, liver, and diabetes. Gum arabic comprises several active constituents and offers multiple economic and medicinal advantages, serving as a protective agent for the renal system. Gum arabic functions as a natural antioxidant, crucially suppressing free radicals and mitigating the impact of reactive oxygen species, so safeguarding liver cell membranes from oxidative damage. Gum arabic also addresses elevated blood sugar and insulin levels, rendering it a possible therapeutic agent for diabetes. We ascertain that gum arabic has numerous active constituents and offers economic and medicinal advantages, playing a significant role in the management of renal and liver dysfunctions as well as diabetes.